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The Californias, or "Province of the Californias", or (スペイン語:Las Californias, "Provincia de las Californias") (1768–1804), was the northwestern-most area of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (comprising Spain's colonial possessions in the Western Hemisphere and Pacific Spanish East Indies). The province included the Baja California Peninsula, north up the West Coast of North America to the northern San Francisco Bay Area (present-day U.S. state of California), and other regions also claimed for the Spanish crown earlier that never reached a colonial presence, in more northern coastal areas and eastern interior areas. The single province of The Californias (''Las Californias'') was divided in 1804, into Alta California province (, "upper") and Baja California province (, "lower"). Following Mexico's defeat in the Mexican-American War, Alta California territory was ceded on 2 February 1848 to the United States, and the terms ' and ' were no longer formally used. The areas in North America acquired by the U.S. were regarded as "territories", with the modern state of California acquiring statehood two years later. ==Geography== The Baja California Peninsula is bordered on three sides by water, the Pacific Ocean (south & west) and Gulf of California (east); while Alta California had the Pacific Ocean on the west and deserts on the east. Inland regions were mostly unexplored by the Spanish, leaving them generally outside the control of the colonial authorities. Mountain ranges of the Peninsular Ranges, eastern Transverse Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada, along with the arid Colorado Desert, Mojave Desert, and Great Basin Desert in their eastern rain shadows, served as natural barriers to Spanish settlement. The eastern border of upper Las Californias nor Alta California was never officially defined under either Spanish or subsequent Mexican rule. 〔José Bandini, in a note to Governor Echeandía or to his son Juan Bandini, a member of the Territorial Deputation (legislature), noted that Alta California was bounded "on the east, where the Government has not yet established the () border line, by either the Colorado River or the great Sierra (''Sierra Nevada Range'')." ''A Description of California in 1828 by José Bandini'' (Berkeley, Friends of the Bancroft Library, 1951), 3. Reprinted in ''Mexican California'' (New York, Arno Press, 1976). ISBN 0-405-09538-4〕 The 1781 ''Instrucciones'' and government correspondence described Alta California ("Upper California") as the areas to the west of the Sierra Nevada and the lower part of the Colorado River in the Lower Colorado River Valley, the present day southeastern border of the states of California and Arizona. Some period maps include territory eastward now in Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming. The northern border was internationally disputed until 1819, when finally agreed upon at 42 degrees latitude (42nd parallel), by the Adams-Onis Treaty between Spain and the U.S. To the east of Las Californias was the ' (province) of Sonora y Sinaloa, which included the Spanish mission settlements in Arizona. Further east was the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, and although the exact border between the two was not fixed, the territory defined as Alta California during negotiations preceding the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included what later became present day California, Nevada, Utah; and parts of Arizona, Colorado and Wyoming. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Californias」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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